BFRES (File Format)/Switch

BFRES (Binary caFe RESources) is a file format used on the Nintendo Switch. It contains model data, texture data, animation data and shader data.

File Format

Header

The file format starts with the following header:

Offset	Type	Description
0x00	Char[8]	File magic. Always FRES in ASCII, or 46 52 45 53 20 20 20 20.
0x08	UInt32	Version number.
0x0C	UInt16	Byte-order-mark. FE FF for big endian, FF FE for little endian.
0x0E	Byte	Alignment shift. 2 raised by this value is the alignment required by this file when loaded into memory.
0x0F	Byte	Target address size. Size of a pointer in bits. Never set and therefore remains 0.
0x10	UInt32	File name offset. Points directly to the string, and not to the length unlike all other strings.
0x14	UInt16	A flag which is only used on runtime. One bit sets whether the file is relocated.
0x16	UInt16	Offset to the first section.
0x18	UInt32	Relocation table offset.
0x1C	UInt32	Size of the file in bytes.
0x20	Int64	Name offset. The name of this file. Points to the same string as at 0x10.
0x28	Int64	FMDL array offset.
0x30	Int64	FMDL dictionary offset. Points to a dictionary containing the FMDL names.
If version ≥ 9.0.0
0x38	Byte[0x20]	Reserved.
0x58	Int64	FSKA array offset.
0x60	Int64	FSKA dictionary offset. Points to a dictionary containing the FSKA names.
0x68	Int64	FMAA array offset.
0x70	Int64	FMAA dictionary offset. Points to a dictionary containing the FMAA names.
0x78	Int64	FBVS array offset.
0x80	Int64	FBVS dictionary offset. Points to a dictionary containing the FBVS names.
0x88	Int64	FSHA array offset.
0x90	Int64	FSHA dictionary offset. Points to a dictionary containing the FSHA names.
0x98	Int64	FSCN array offset.
0xA0	Int64	FSCN dictionary offset. Points to a dictionary containing the FSCN names.
0xA8	Int64	Buffer memory pool offset. Points to the memory pool where all model buffers are stored.
0xB0	Int64	Buffer memory pool info offset. Points to a structure containing information about the memory pool.
0xB8	Int64	Embedded files array offset.
0xC0	Int64	Embedded file dictionary offset. Points to a dictionary containing the external file names.
0xC8	UInt64	User pointer, set at runtime.
0xD0	Int64	String table offset.
0xD8	UInt32	Size of the string table in bytes.
0xDC	UInt16	Number of FMDL sub files.
0xDE	Byte[4]	Reserved.
0xE2	UInt16	Number of FSKA sub files.
0xE4	UInt16	Number of FMAA sub files.
0xE6	UInt16	Number of FBVS sub files.
0xE8	UInt16	Number of FSHA sub files.
0xEA	UInt16	Number of FSCN sub files.
0xEC	UInt16	Number of embedded files.
0xEE	Byte[2]	Padding.
Else
0x38	Int64	FSKA array offset.
0x40	Int64	FSKA dictionary offset. Points to a dictionary containing the FSKA names.
0x48	Int64	FMAA array offset.
0x50	Int64	FMAA dictionary offset. Points to a dictionary containing the FMAA names.
0x58	Int64	FBVS array offset.
0x60	Int64	FBVS dictionary offset. Points to a dictionary containing the FBVS names.
0x68	Int64	FSHA array offset.
0x70	Int64	FSHA dictionary offset. Points to a dictionary containing the FSHA names.
0x78	Int64	FSCN array offset.
0x80	Int64	FSCN dictionary offset. Points to a dictionary containing the FSCN names.
0x88	Int64	Buffer memory pool offset. Points to the memory pool where all model buffers are stored.
0x90	Int64	Buffer memory pool info offset. Points to a structure containing information about the memory pool.
0x98	Int64	Embedded files array offset.
0xA0	Int64	Embedded file dictionary offset. Points to a dictionary containing the external file names.
0xA8	UInt64	User pointer, set at runtime.
0xB0	Int64	String table offset.
0xB8	UInt32	Size of the string table in bytes.
0xBC	UInt16	Number of FMDL sub files.
0xBE	UInt16	Number of FSKA sub files.
0xC0	UInt16	Number of FMAA sub files.
0xC2	UInt16	Number of FBVS sub files.
0xC4	UInt16	Number of FSHA sub files.
0xC6	UInt16	Number of FSCN sub files.
0xC8	UInt16	Number of embedded files.
0xCA	Byte[6]	Padding.

Buffer Memory Pool Info

The buffer memory pool info structure contains info about the buffer memory pool. The structure is as follows:

Offset	Type	Description
0x00	UInt32	Memory pool property.
0x04	UInt32	Size of the memory pool in bytes.
0x08	Int64	Offset to the memory pool. Points directly to the start of the data.
0x10	Byte[16]	Reserved.

String Table

The string table is a table where all strings are stored. Each string has first the length written, which is a 16-bit integer, and then the string is stored as a null-terminated string. The string length does not include the null byte, and the 16-bit string length value is always aligned by 2. The string sorting algorithm is unknown.

Offset	Type	Description
0x00	Char[4]	Section magic. Always _STR in ASCII.
0x04	UInt32	Next section offset.
0x08	UInt32	Size of this section in bytes.
0x0C	Byte[4]	Reserved.
0x10	Int32	Number of strings stored in the string table. The first string is always an empty string ("") and is not included in this count.

Dictionary

A dictionary (sometimes known as DICT) is a common structure used in many Nintendo formats such as BFRES and BNTX. It is used for fast name look-up, in order to find a specific array item by its name. It starts with the following structure:

Offset	Type	Description
0x00	Char[4]	Section magic. Always _DIC in ASCII. Note that in BFRES this magic is set to 00 00 00 00, most likely due to an export error.
0x04	Int32	Number of entries. This does not include the root entry.

After, the entries are specified. The root entry follows first, then all other entries are stored. Each entry has the following structure:

Offset	Type	Description
0x00	Int32	Ref bit.
0x04	UInt16[2]	Child node indices. First the left node, then the right node.
0x08	Int64	Key offset, which points to the key name this entry stores.

User Data

User data is a common structure used in many Nintendo formats such as BFRES and BNTX. It allows game designers to store generic data into different files, in order to be used by the game. The data can be used for anything, and is not used by the actual data parser. Each entry has the following structure:

Offset	Type	Description
0x00	Int64	Name offset. Points to the name of this user data entry.
0x08	Int64	Data offset. Points to the actual data. What the data actually is depends on the data type.
0x10	Int32	Number of data entries.
0x14	Byte	Data type. Value Data Type 0x00 Int32 0x01 Float 0x02 String 0x03 Byte
0x15	Byte[43]	Reserved.

Relocation Table

Offset	Type	Description
0x00	Char[4]	Section magic. Always _RLT in ASCII.
0x04	UInt32	Table offset. The offset where this table starts.
0x08	Int32	Number of sections.
0x0C	Byte[4]	Padding.

Offset	Type	Description
0x00	Int64	Section pointer, set on runtime.
0x08	UInt32	Section offset.
0x0C	UInt32	Section size.
0x10	UInt32	Entry ID.
0x14	UInt32	Number of entries.

Offset	Type	Description
0x00	UInt32	Entry offset.
0x04	UInt16	Array count.
0x06	Byte	Offset count.
0x07	Byte	Padding size.

Animation Curve

An animation curve is a common structure used in all animation sub files, which sets curve data for specific target type. Each entry has the following structure:

Offset	Type	Description
0x00	Int64	Key data offset. Points to the key data.
0x08	Int64	Frame data offset. Points to the frame value data.
0x10	UInt16	Flag. xxAA xxBB xCCC DDEE. A: Post wrap mode. Value Description 0x00 Clamp 0x01 Repeat 0x02 Mirror 0x03 Relative repeat B: Pre wrap mode, same options as post wrap mode. C: Curve type. Value Description 0x00 Cubic float 0x01 Linear float 0x02 Baked float 0x04 Step integer 0x05 Baked integer 0x06 Step boolean 0x07 Baked boolean D: Frame value format. Value Description 0x00 Float 0x01 Int16 0x02 SByte E: Key frame format. Value Description 0x00 Float 0x01 Fixed point value. 1 bit sign, 10 bit exponent and 5 bit fraction. 0x02 Byte
0x12	UInt16	Number of key frames.
0x14	UInt32	Target offset. Specifies an offset into the base value, and thus specifies what type this structure animates.
0x18	Float	Start key. Specifies the first key frame in the array.
0x1C	Float	End key. Specifies the last key frame in the array.
0x20	Int32/Float	Frame data scale. Multiply the frame data values by this value to get the real value. This can both be an Int32 and a float. Not used by all curves.
0x24	Int32/Float	Frame data add. After multiplying, add this value to the frame data. This can both be an Int32 and a float. Not used by all curves.
0x28	Float	Delta value. Specifies the different between the last frame value and the first one.
0x2C	Byte[4]	Padding.

Step Curve

A step curve has no interpolations, and therefore only the frame value needs to be stored. Thus only 1 element per key frame is stored.

Linear Curve

A linear curve has linear interpolation, meaning that more data needs to be stored other than the frame value. Two elements are stored per key frame value. If $c_{0}$ is the first element, $c_{1}$ the second element, $k_{0}$ is the key frame and $k_{1}$ is the following key frame, then $f(t)=c_{0}+c_{1}\times t$, $0\leq t\leq 1$, is the curve between $k_{0}$ and $k_{1}$. For the last key frame $c_{1}$ is always set to $0$. In practice this means that $c_{0}$ is the start value and $c_{1}$ is $f(k_{1})-f(k_{0})$.

Hermite Curve

A hermite curve has hermite interpolation, which allows for complex curves controlled by two slopes. Four elements are stored per key. If $c_{0}$ is the first element and $c_{1}$ the second element and so on, $k_{0}$ is the key frame and $k_{1}$ is the following key frame, then $f(t)=c_{0}+c_{1}\times t+c_{2}\times t^{2}+c_{3}\times t^{3}$, $0\leq t\leq 1$, is the curve between $k_{0}$ and $k_{1}$. $c_{1}$ is controlled the post-slope $s_{0}$ of key $k_{0}$, and $c_{2}$ and $c_{3}$ are controlled by the pre-slope $s_{1}$ of key $k_{1}$.

Calculating the slopes $s_{0}$ and $s_{1}$ for key $k_{0}$ can be done as follows. The derivative of $f(t)$ is $f'(t)=c_{1}+2\times c_{2}\times t+3\times c_{3}\times t^{2}$. Then its known that $s_{0}=f'(0)$ and $s_{1}=f'(1)$. However, since the slopes fit between $0$ and $1$, it is necessary to scale the slopes. The curve is made for $0\leq t\leq 1$, but the correct slope value is when $0\leq t\leq \Delta k_{0}$. Therefore the slopes need to be divided by $\Delta k_{0}$, thus, the final calculation is as follows:

$s_{0}={f'(0) \over \Delta k}$

$s_{1}={f'(1) \over \Delta k}$

Calculating $c_{0}$, $c_{1}$, $c_{2}$ and $c_{3}$ from slopes $s_{0}$, $s_{1}$, for key frames $(k_{0},v_{0})$ and $(k_{1},v_{1})$, can be done by solving the following equation system. Remember that the slopes need to be multiplied by $\Delta k_{0}$ to fit $0\leq t\leq 1$ instead of $0\leq t\leq \Delta k_{0}$.

${\begin{cases}v_{0}=f(0)\\s_{0}=f'(0)\\v_{1}=f(1)\\s_{1}=f'(1)\end{cases}}\iff$

${\begin{cases}v_{0}=c_{0}+c_{1}\times 0+c_{2}\times 0^{2}+c_{3}\times 0^{3}\\s_{0}=c_{1}+2\times c_{2}\times 0+3\times c_{3}\times 0^{2}\\v_{1}=c_{0}+c_{1}\times 1+c_{2}\times 1^{2}+c_{3}\times 1^{3}\\s_{1}=c_{1}+2\times c_{2}\times 1+3\times c_{3}\times 1^{2}\end{cases}}\iff$

${\begin{cases}v_{0}=c_{0}\\s_{0}=c_{1}\\v_{1}=c_{0}+c_{1}+c_{2}+c_{3}\\s_{1}=c_{1}+2\times c_{2}+3\times c_{3}\end{cases}}$

The equation system gives the following unambiguous solution:

${\begin{cases}c_{0}=v_{0}\\c_{1}=s_{0}\\c_{2}=3\times v_{1}-c_{0}-c_{1}-s_{0}-s_{1}-2\times v_{0}\\c_{3}=s_{0}+s_{1}+2\times v_{0}-2\times v_{1}\end{cases}}$

FMDL

The FMDL section (caFe MoDeL) stores model data. It contains the vertex data, skeleton data, materials and shape data, split into 4 different sections. Each model has the following structure:

Offset	Type	Description
0x00	Char[4]	Section magic. Always FMDL in ASCII.
If version ≥ 9.0.0
0x04	Byte[4]	Reserved.
0x08	Int64	Name offset. Points to the name of this model.
0x10	Int64	Original path offset. Points to the filename this sub file was created from.
0x18	Int64	FSKL offset.
0x20	Int64	FVTX array offset.
0x28	Int64	FSHP array offset.
0x30	Int64	FSHP dictionary offset.
0x38	Int64	FMAT array offset.
0x40	Byte[8]	Reversed.
Else
0x04	UInt32	Next section offset.
0x08	UInt32	Size of this section in bytes.
0x0C	Byte[4]	Reserved.
0x10	Int64	Name offset. Points to the name of this model.
0x18	Int64	Original path offset. Points to the filename this sub file was created from.
0x20	Int64	FSKL offset.
0x28	Int64	FVTX array offset.
0x30	Int64	FSHP array offset.
0x38	Int64	FSHP dictionary offset.
0x40	Int64	FMAT array offset.
0x48	Int64	FMAT dictionary offset.
0x50	Int64	User data array offset.
0x58	Int64	User data dictionary offset.
0x60	Int64	User pointer, set at runtime.
0x68	UInt16	Number of FVTXs.
0x6A	UInt16	Number of FSHPs.
0x6C	UInt16	Number of FMATs.
0x6E	UInt16	Number of user datas.
0x70	Int32	Total number of processed vertices.
0x74	Byte[4]	Padding.

FVTX

The FVTX section (caFe VerTeX) stores vertex data. The structure is based on two structures, attributes and buffers, which is the base structure of OpenGL vertex data. An attribute is a link into the shader, and the buffers store the actual data. Buffers are split into three different structures, and one buffer can contain multiple attributes. It starts with the following structure:

Offset	Type	Description
0x00	Char[4]	Section magic. Always FVTX in ASCII.
If version ≥ 9.0.0
0x04	Byte[4]	Reserved.
0x08	Int64	Vertex attribute array offset.
0x10	Int64	Vertex attribute dictionary offset.
0x18	Int64	Memory pool pointer.
0x20	Int64	Vertex buffer array offset.
0x28	Int64	Buffer pointer array offset. Points to an array of Int64s, which is buffer pointers, set at runtime.
0x30	Int64	Vertex buffer info array offset.
0x38	Int64	Vertex buffer info state array offset.
0x40	Int64	User pointer, set at runtime.
0x48	UInt32	Memory pool offset. Points to the start of the buffer data of this section.
0x4C	Byte	Number of vertex attributes.
0x4D	Byte	Number of buffers.
0x4E	UInt16	Section index.
0x50	UInt32	Vertex count.
0x54	Byte	Max number of bone influences per vertex.
0x55	Byte	Padding.
0x56	UInt16	Vertex buffer alignment.
Else
0x04	UInt32	Next section offset.
0x08	UInt32	Size of this section in bytes.
0x0C	Byte[4]	Reserved.
0x10	Int64	Vertex attribute array offset.
0x18	Int64	Vertex attribute dictionary offset.
0x20	Int64	Memory pool pointer.
0x28	Int64	Vertex buffer array offset.
0x30	Int64	Buffer pointer array offset. Points to an array of Int64s, which is buffer pointers, set at runtime.
0x38	Int64	Vertex buffer info array offset.
0x40	Int64	Vertex buffer info state array offset.
0x48	Int64	User pointer, set at runtime.
0x50	UInt32	Memory pool offset. Points to the start of the buffer data of this section.
0x54	Byte	Number of vertex attributes.
0x55	Byte	Number of buffers.
0x56	UInt16	Section index.
0x58	UInt32	Vertex count.
0x5C	Byte	Max number of bone influences per vertex.
0x5D	Byte[3]	Padding.

Vertex Attribute

Offset	Type	Description
0x00	Int64	Target name offset.
0x08	UInt32	Vertex buffer format. Specifies how the data is stored.
0x0C	UInt16	Buffer offset. Offset into the linked buffer, where the data of this attribute is stored.
0x0E	Byte	Buffer index.
If version ≥ 9.0.0
0x0F	Byte	Flag. xxxx xxxA: A: contains dynamic vertex buffer
Else
0x0F	Byte	Padding.

Vertex Buffer

Offset	Type	Description
0x00	Byte	Buffer state.
0x01	Byte	Buffer flag.
0x02	Byte[6]	Reserved.
0x08	Int64	Nvn buffer offset, set at runtime.
0x10	Byte[48]	Nvn buffer.
0x40	Int64	User pointer, set at runtime.

Vertex Buffer Info

Offset	Type	Description
0x00	UInt32	Buffer size. Size of the buffer in bytes.
0x04	UInt32	GPU access flag.
0x08	Byte[8]	Reserved.

Vertex Buffer Info State

Offset	Type	Description
0x00	UInt32	Buffer stride. Stride of the buffer in bytes.
0x04	UInt32	Buffer divisor.
0x08	Byte[8]	Reserved.

FSKL

The FSKL section (caFe SKeLeton) stores data about the skeleton, used for rigging. The skeleton root has the following structure:

Offset	Type	Description
0x00	Char[4]	Section magic. Always FSKL in ASCII.
If version ≥ 9.0.0
0x04	UInt32	Flag: xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxAA xxBB CCxx xxDD. A: Rotation mode. Quaternion = 0, Euler XYZ = 1 B: Scale mode. None = 0, Standard = 1, Maya = 2, Softimage = 3 C: Mirroring mode. X = 0, XY = 1, XZ = 2 (8.0.0.0) D: Reset guard. None = 0, User Pointer = 1
0x08	Int64	Bone dictionary offset.
0x10	Int64	Bone array offset.
0x18	Int64	Bone index table offset. Points to an array of UInt16s.
0x20	Int64	Matrix offset. Points to an array of 3x4 float inverse transformation matrices, which is used for smooth skinning.
0x28	Int64	User pointer.
0x30	Int64	Mirroring bone table offset. Correspondence table between bone indexes and mirrored bone indexes, stored as Int16s. Only seen as 0.
0x38	UInt16	Number of bones.
0x3A	UInt16	Number of bones which are smooth.
0x3C	UInt16	Number of bones which are rigid.
0x3E	Byte[2]	Padding.
Else
0x04	UInt32	Next section offset.
0x08	UInt32	Size of this section in bytes.
0x0C	Byte[4]	Reserved.
0x10	Int64	Bone dictionary offset.
0x18	Int64	Bone array offset.
0x20	Int64	Bone index table offset. Points to an array of UInt16s.
0x28	Int64	Matrix offset. Points to an array of 3x4 float inverse transformation matrices, which is used for smooth skinning.
0x30	Int64	User pointer, set at runtime.
If version ≥ 8.0.0
0x38	Byte[16]	Unknown.
0x48	UInt32	Flag.
0x4C	UInt16	Number of bones.
0x4E	UInt16	Number of bones which are smooth.
0x50	UInt16	Number of bones which are rigid.
0x52	Byte[6]	Padding.
Else
0x38	UInt32	Flag.
0x3C	UInt16	Number of bones.
0x3E	UInt16	Number of bones which are smooth.
0x40	UInt16	Number of bones which are rigid.
0x42	Byte[6]	Padding.

Bone

Each bone has the following structure:

Offset	Type	Description
0x00	Int64	Bone name offset.
0x08	Int64	User data array offset.
0x10	Int64	User data dictionary offset.
If version ≥ 8.0.0
0x18	Byte[16]	Reserved.
0x28	UInt16	Bone index.
0x2A	Int16	Parent bone index. -1 if no parent exists.
0x2C	Int16	Smooth bone index.
0x2E	Int16	Rigid bone index.
0x30	Int16	Billboard index.
0x32	UInt16	Number of user datas.
0x34	UInt32	Flag: AAAA ABBB Bxxx xCCC xxxD xxxx xxxx xxxx. A: Specifies the hierarchy transform mode. ID Description 0x00 None 0x01 Scale uniform 0x02 Scale volume one 0x04 No rotation 0x08 No translation B: Specifies the transform mode. ID Description 0x00 None 0x01 Segment scale compensate 0x02 Scale uniform 0x04 Scale volume one 0x08 No rotation 0x10 No translation C: Billboard mode. ID Description 0x00 None 0x01 Child 0x02 World view vector 0x03 World view point 0x04 Screen view vector 0x05 Screen view point 0x06 Y-axis view vector 0x07 Y-axis view point D: Specifies if this bone is visible.
0x38	Float[3]	Scale of this bone.
0x44	Float[4]	Rotation of this bone.
0x54	Float[3]	Translation of this bone.
Else
0x18	UInt16	Bone index.
0x1A	Int16	Parent bone index.
0x1C	Int16	Smooth bone index.
0x1E	Int16	Rigid bone index.
0x20	Int16	Billboard index.
0x22	UInt16	Number of user datas.
0x24	UInt32	Flag.
0x28	Float[3]	Scale of this bone.
0x34	Float[4]	Rotation of this bone.
0x44	Float[3]	Translation of this bone.

FMAT

The FMAT section (caFe MATerial) contains information about how the objects should be rendered. It contains lots of different parameters, which is used in the shader, as well as texture references, and texture samples. Each material has the following structure:

Offset	Type	Description
0x00	Char[4]	Section magic. Always FMAT in ASCII.
If version ≥ 9.0.0
0x04	UInt32	Flag: xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxA. A: Specifies if the material is visible.
0x08	Int64	Material name offset.
0x10	Int64	Render info array offset.
0x18	Int64	Render info dictionary offset.
0x20	Int64	Shader assign offset.
0x28	Int64	Texture pointer array offset. Points to an array of Int64s that are set at runtime.
0x30	Int64	Texture name offset array offset. Points to an array of name offsets, which are the texture names.
0x38	Int64	Texture sampler array offset.
0x40	Int64	Texture sampler info array offset.
0x48	Int64	Texture sampler info dictionary offset.
0x50	Int64	Shader parameter array offset.
0x58	Int64	Shader parameter dictionary offset.
0x60	Int64	Shader parameter data offset. Points to the start of the data used in all shader parameters.
0x68	Int64	User data array offset.
0x70	Int64	User data dictionary offset.
0x78	Int64	Volatile flag offset. Points to an array of booleans, which has the size as the number of shader parameters. The booleans are ordered from LSB to MSB.
0x80	Int64	User pointer, set at runtime.
0x88	Int64	Sampler slot pointer array offset. Points to an array of Int64s, which are sampler slots pointers set at runtime. The pointers are set to -1.
0x90	Int64	Texture slot pointer array offset. Points to an array of Int64s, which are texture slots pointers set at runtime. The pointers are set to -1.
0x98	UInt16	Section index.
0x9A	UInt16	Number of render infos.
0x9C	Byte	Number of texture samples. This count also specifies the number of texture sampler info.
0x9D	Byte	Number of textures.
0x9E	UInt16	Number of shader parameters.
0xA0	UInt16	Number of shader parameters which are volatile. Unknown usage, only seen as 0.
0xA2	UInt16	Total size of the shader parameter data.
0xA4	UInt16	Raw shader parameter size. Unknown, only seen as 0.
0xA6	UInt16	Number of user datas.
Else
0x04	UInt32	Next section offset.
0x08	UInt32	Size of this section in bytes.
0x0C	Byte[4]	Reserved.
0x10	Int64	Material name offset.
0x18	Int64	Render info array offset.
0x20	Int64	Render info dictionary offset.
0x28	Int64	Shader assign offset.
0x30	Int64	Texture pointer array offset. Points to an array of Int64s that are set at runtime.
0x38	Int64	Texture name offset array offset. Points to an array of name offsets, which are the texture names.
0x40	Int64	Texture sampler array offset.
0x48	Int64	Texture sampler info array offset.
0x50	Int64	Texture sampler info dictionary offset.
0x58	Int64	Shader parameter array offset.
0x60	Int64	Shader parameter dictionary offset.
0x68	Int64	Shader parameter data offset. Points to the start of the data used in all shader parameters.
0x70	Int64	User data array offset.
0x78	Int64	User data dictionary offset.
0x80	Int64	Volatile flag offset. Points to an array of booleans, which has the size as the number of shader parameters. The booleans are ordered from LSB to MSB.
0x88	Int64	User pointer, set at runtime.
0x90	Int64	Sampler slot pointer array offset. Points to an array of Int64s, which are sampler slots pointers set at runtime. The pointers are set to -1.
0x98	Int64	Texture slot pointer array offset. Points to an array of Int64s, which are texture slots pointers set at runtime. The pointers are set to -1.
0xA0	UInt32	Flag.
0xA4	UInt16	Section index.
0xA6	UInt16	Number of render infos.
0xA8	Byte	Number of texture samples. This count also specifies the number of texture sampler info.
0xA9	Byte	Number of textures.
0xAA	UInt16	Number of shader parameters.
0xAC	UInt16	Number of shader parameters which are volatile. Unknown usage, only seen as 0.
0xAE	UInt16	Total size of the shader parameter data.
0xB0	UInt16	Raw shader parameter size. Unknown, only seen as 0.
0xB2	UInt16	Number of user datas.
0xB4	Byte[4]	Padding.

Render Info

The render info structure specifies basic OpenGL settings, such as culling. It can also be used as uniforms in a shader, but exactly how that works is unknown. Each entry has the following structure:

Offset	Type	Description
0x00	Int64	Parameter name offset.
0x08	Int64	Data offset.
0x10	UInt16	Number of entries in the data.
0x12	Byte	Data type. ID Description 0x00 Int32 0x01 Float 0x02 String
0x13	Byte[5]	Padding.

Shader Assign

The shader assign structure is the link between the shader and the data in the model. It links the vertex attributes in FVTX to the vertex shader, the texture samplers to the fragment shader, and also specifies shader options used for shader variants. It has the following structure:

Offset	Type	Description
0x00	Int64	Shader archive name offset.
0x08	Int64	Shading model name offset.
0x10	Int64	Attribute array offset. Points an array of Int64s which points to the names of the vertex attributes.
0x18	Int64	Attribute dictionary offset. Points to a dictionary which contains the shader attributes which the vertex attributes are linked to.
0x10	Int64	Texture sampler array offset. Points an array of Int64s which points to the texture target of the texture sampler.
0x18	Int64	Texture sampler dictionary offset. Points to a dictionary which contains the shader uniforms which the texture samplers are linked to.
0x20	Int64	Shader option array offset. Points to an array of Int64s which points to the string data of the shader options. Even numeric values are stored as strings.
0x28	Int64	Shader option dictionary offset. Points to a dictionary which contains the shader option names.
0x30	UInt32	Revision. Unknown usage.
0x34	Byte	Number of attributes.
0x35	Byte	Number of samplers.
0x36	UInt16	Number of shader options.

Texture Sampler

Each texture sampler has the following structure:

Offset	Type	Description
0x00	Byte	Sampler state. 1 if it's initialized.
0x01	Byte	Unknown flags.
0x02	Byte[6]	Reserved.
0x08	Int64	Nvn sampler pointer, set at runtime.
0x10	Byte[96]	Nvn sampler.
0x70	Int64	User pointer, set at runtime.

Texture Sampler Info

Each texture sampler info sets settings for a texture. It has the following structure:

Offset	Type	Description
0x00	Byte	Wrap U. ID Description 0x00 Repeat 0x01 Mirror 0x02 Clamp 0x03 Clamp to edge 0x04 Mirror once 0x05 Mirror clamp to edge
0x01	Byte	Wrap V. Same options as above.
0x02	Byte	Wrap W. Same options as above.
0x03	Byte	Comparison function. ID Description 0x00 Never 0x01 Less 0x02 Equal 0x03 Less or equal 0x04 Greater 0x05 Not equal 0x06 Greater or equal 0x07 Always
0x04	Byte	Border color type. White = 0, Transparent = 1, Opaque = 2
0x05	Byte	Max anisotropy. ID Description 0x01 Ratio 1 1 0x02 Ratio 2 1 0x04 Ratio 4 1 0x08 Ratio 8 1 0x10 Ratio 16 1
0x06	UInt16	Filter mode. xxxx xxxx xxAA BBCC. A: Shrink filter. Points = 1, Linear = 2 B: Expand filter. Points = 1, Linear = 2 C: Mipmap filter. None = 0, Points = 1, Linear = 2
0x08	Float	Min LOD.
0x0C	Float	Max LOD.
0x10	Float	Load bias.
0x14	Byte[12]	Reserved.

Shader Parameter

A shader parameter is a uniform variable which is loaded into the shader, into any of the stages. Each parameter has the following structure:

Offset	Type	Description
0x00	Int64	Callback pointer, set at runtime.
0x08	Int64	Parameter name offset.
0x10	Byte	Parameter type. See below.
0x11	Byte	Data size in bytes.
0x12	UInt16	Data offset, relative to the offset specified in the FMAT header.
0x14	Int32	Offset. Unknown usage. Set to -1 in file.
0x18	UInt16	Depended index.
0x1A	UInt16	Depend index.
0x1C	Byte[4]	Padding.

Parameter types

There are many different types of parameters. A matrix is stored row by row in memory.

ID	Size	Description
0x00	0x04	Boolean
0x01	0x08	Boolean 2D
0x02	0x0C	Boolean 3D
0x03	0x10	Boolean 4D
0x04	0x04	Int32
0x05	0x08	Int32 2D
0x06	0x0C	Int32 3D
0x07	0x10	Int32 4D
0x08	0x04	UInt32
0x09	0x08	UInt32 2D
0x0A	0x0C	UInt32 3D
0x0B	0x10	UInt32 4D
0x0C	0x04	Float
0x0D	0x08	Float 2D
0x0E	0x0C	Float 3D
0x0F	0x10	Float 4D
0x11	0x10	2x2 float matrix
0x12	0x18	2x3 float matrix
0x13	0x20	2x4 float matrix
0x15	0x18	3x2 float matrix
0x16	0x24	3x3 float matrix
0x17	0x30	3x4 float matrix
0x19	0x20	4x2 float matrix
0x1A	0x30	4x3 float matrix
0x1B	0x40	4x4 float matrix
0x1C	0x14	2D SRT Offset Type Description 0x00 Float[2] Scale. 0x08 Float Rotation. 0x0C Float[2] Translation.
0x1D	0x24	3D SRT Offset Type Description 0x00 Float[3] Scale. 0x0C Float[3] Rotation. 0x18 Float[3] Translation.
0x1E	0x18	Texture SRT Offset Type Description 0x00 UInt32 SRT mode. Maya = 0, 3ds Max = 1, Softimage = 2 0x04 Float[2] Scale. 0x0C Float Rotation. 0x10 Float[2] Translation.
0x1F	0x20	Texture SRT with matrix pointer, set at runtime. Offset Type Description 0x00 UInt32 SRT mode. Maya = 0, 3ds Max = 1, Softimage = 2 0x04 Float[2] Scale. 0x0C Float Rotation. 0x10 Float[2] Translation. 0x18 Int64 Matrix pointer, set at runtime.

FSHP

The FSHP (caFe SHaPe) section stores information about the actual polygon shape. It connects FVTX, FMAT and FSKL in order to create a renderable model. Each shape has the following structure:

Offset	Type	Description
0x00	Char[4]	Section magic. Always FSHP in ASCII.
If version ≥ 9.0.0
0x04	UInt32	Flags. xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xABx. A: Specifies if the sub meshes boundary are consistent. B: Specifies if the shape has a vertex buffer.
0x08	Int64	Shape name offset.
0x10	Int64	FVTX offset. Points to the vertex buffer used by this shape.
0x18	Int64	LOD mesh array offset.
0x20	Int64	Skin bone index array offset. Points to an array of UInt16s which represents the skinning indices of the bones used by this shape.
0x28	Int64	Key shape array offset.
0x30	Int64	Key shape dictionary offset.
0x38	Int64	Bounding array offset. The number of boundings is calculated by taking the total amount of sub meshes in each LOD mesh, and then adding one more for each LOD mesh.
0x40	Int64	Radius array offset. Points to an array of floats, where each float is the radius of a spherical bounding box. The number of floats is the same as the number of LOD meshes.
0x48	Int64	User pointer, set at runtime.
0x50	UInt16	Section index.
0x52	UInt16	FMAT index.
0x54	UInt16	FSKL bone index. The shape is only influenced by this bone if the max number of bone influences is 0.
0x56	UInt16	FVTX index.
0x58	UInt16	Number of skin bone indices.
0x5A	Byte	Max number of bone influences per vertex.
0x5B	Byte	Number of LOD meshes.
0x5C	Byte	Number of key shapes.
0x5D	Byte	Target attribute count.
0x5E	Byte[2]	Padding.
Else
0x04	UInt32	Next section offset.
0x08	UInt32	Size of this section in bytes.
0x0C	Byte[4]	Reserved.
0x10	Int64	Shape name offset.
0x18	Int64	FVTX offset. Points to the vertex buffer used by this shape.
0x20	Int64	LOD mesh array offset.
0x28	Int64	Skin bone index array offset. Points to an array of UInt16s which represents the skinning indices of the bones used by this shape.
0x30	Int64	Key shape array offset.
0x38	Int64	Key shape dictionary offset.
0x40	Int64	Bounding array offset. The number of boundings is calculated by taking the total amount of sub meshes in each LOD mesh, and then adding one more for each LOD mesh.
0x48	Int64	Radius array offset. Points to an array of floats, where each float is the radius of a spherical bounding box. The number of floats is the same as the number of LOD meshes.
0x50	Int64	User pointer, set at runtime.
0x58	UInt32	Flags.
0x5C	UInt16	Section index.
0x5E	UInt16	FMAT index.
0x60	UInt16	FSKL bone index. The shape is only influenced by this bone if the max number of bone influences is 0.
0x62	UInt16	FVTX index.
0x64	UInt16	Number of skin bone indices.
0x66	Byte	Max number of bone influences per vertex.
0x67	Byte	Number of LOD meshes.
0x68	Byte	Number of key shapes.
0x69	Byte	Target attribute count.
0x6A	Byte[6]	Padding.

LOD Mesh

A shape can have different level-of-detail meshes, which are drawn at different distances. LOD meshes decreases load on the GPU, since it can draw less primitives, but also increases memory usage. Each mesh has the following structure:

Offset	Type	Description
0x00	Int64	Sub mesh array offset.
0x08	Int64	Memory pool pointer, set at runtime.
0x10	Int64	Index buffer offset.
0x18	Int64	Index buffer info offset.
0x20	UInt32	Memory pool offset. Points to the start of the index buffer data.
0x24	UInt32	Primitive type which is used to draw either points, lines or triangles. ID Description 0x00 Points 0x01 Lines 0x02 Line strip 0x03 Traingles 0x04 Triangle strip 0x05 Lines adjacency 0x06 Line strip adjacency 0x07 Triangles adjacency 0x08 Triangle strip adjacency 0x09 Patch list
0x28	UInt32	Index buffer data format. ID Description 0x00 Byte 0x01 UInt16 0x02 UInt32
0x2C	UInt32	Total number of points that can be drawn.
0x30	UInt32	Offset into the vertex buffers to start.
0x34	UInt16	Number of sub meshes.
0x36	Byte[2]	Padding.

Sub Mesh

A sub mesh is used to draw a specific part of a mesh. It can either draw the full mesh, or a part of it which can be used if specific parts isn't visible in specific areas. Each entry has the following structure:

Offset	Type	Description
0x00	UInt32	Offset into the index buffer, in bytes, where to draw.
0x04	UInt32	Number of points to draw, starting at offset.

Key Shape

The key shape structure is very unknown. It seems to be used for FSHA shape animations. Each entry has the following structure:

Offset	Type	Description
0x00	Byte	Target attribute position index.
0x01	Byte	Target attribute normal index.
0x02	Byte[4]	Target attribute tangent indices.
0x06	Byte[4]	Target attribute binormal indices.
0x0A	Byte[8]	Target attribute color indices.
0x12	Byte[2]	Padding.

Bounding

Each bounding specifies a AABB (axis-aligned bounding box) and has the following structure:

Offset	Type	Description
0x00	Float[3]	Center position of the AABB.
0x0C	Float[3]	Extend vector of the AABB. Specifies the vector from the center to the corner where X, Y, Z are larger than center.

FSKA

The FSKA section (caFe SKeleton Animation) stores skeleton animations. Each animation has the following structure:

Offset	Type	Description
0x00	Char[4]	Section magic. Always FSKA in ASCII.
If version ≥ 9.0.0
0x04	UInt32	Flag. xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxA xxBB xxxx xCxD: A: Rotation mode. Value Description 0x00 Quaternion 0x01 Euler XYZ B: Scale mode. Value Description 0x00 None 0x01 Standard 0x02 Maya 0x03 Softimage C: Loop flag, 1 if animation loops. D: Baked flag, 1 if curve data is baked.
0x08	Int64	Name offset. Points to the name of this animation.
0x10	Int64	Original path offset. Points to the filename this sub file was created from.
0x18	Int64	FSKL offset. Points to the skeleton which will be animated. Set at runtime.
0x20	Int64	Bind index array offset. Points to an array of UInt16s with unknown purpose.
0x28	Int64	Bone animation array offset.
0x30	Int64	User data array offset.
0x38	Int64	User data dictionary offset.
0x40	Int32	Number of frames.
0x44	Int32	Total number of curves in this animation.
0x48	UInt32	Baked size.
0x4C	UInt16	Number of bone animations.
0x4E	UInt16	Number of user datas.
Else
0x04	UInt32	Next section offset.
0x08	UInt32	Size of this section in bytes.
0x0C	Byte[4]	Reserved.
0x10	Int64	Name offset. Points to the name of this animation.
0x18	Int64	Original path offset. Points to the filename this sub file was created from.
0x20	Int64	FSKL offset. Points to the skeleton which will be animated. Set at runtime.
0x28	Int64	Bind index array offset. Points to an array of UInt16s with unknown purpose.
0x30	Int64	Bone animation array offset.
0x38	Int64	User data array offset.
0x40	Int64	User data dictionary offset.
0x48	UInt32	Flag.
0x4C	Int32	Number of frames.
0x50	Int32	Total number of curves in this animation.
0x54	UInt32	Baked size.
0x58	UInt16	Number of bone animations.
0x5A	UInt16	Number of user datas.
0x5C	Byte[4]	Padding.

Bone Animation

The bone animation structure stores animation data for a specific bone. Each entry has the following structure:

Offset	Type	Description
0x00	Int64	Name offset. Points to the name of the bone to animate.
0x08	Int64	Animation curve array offset.
0x10	Int64	Bone base value offset. Points to the base values of this bone.
If version ≥ 9.0.0
0x18	Int64	User data array offset.
0x20	Int64	User data dictionary offset.
0x28	UInt32	Flag. xxxx AAAA Axxx xxxx BBBB BBBB BBCD Exxx: A: Transformation types. Value Description 0x00 None 0x01 Segment scale compensate 0x02 Scale uniform 0x04 Scale volume one 0x08 No rotation 0x10 No translation B: Curve type. Specifies the curve types this animation has. Value Description 0x01 Scale X 0x02 Scale Y 0x04 Scale Z 0x08 Rotate X 0x10 Rotate Y 0x20 Rotate Z 0x40 Rotate W 0x80 Translate X 0x100 Translate Y 0x200 Translate Z C: Specifies if the bone base value has translation. D: Specifies if the bone base value has rotation. E: Specifies if the bone base value has scale.
0x2C	Byte	Begin rotate. Always 3.
0x2D	Byte	Begin translate. Always 6.
0x2E	Byte	Number of animation curves.
0x2F	Byte	Begin base translate. Always 7.
0x30	Int32	Begin curve. The absolute index of the first curve in all bone animations.
0x34	UInt16	Number of user datas.
0x36	Byte[2]	Padding.
Else
0x18	UInt32	Flag.
0x1C	Byte	Begin rotate. Always 3.
0x1D	Byte	Begin translate. Always 6.
0x1E	Byte	Number of animation curves.
0x1F	Byte	Begin base translate. Always 7.
0x20	Int32	Begin curve. The absolute index of the first curve in all bone animations.
0x24	Byte[4]	Padding.

Bone Base Value

Offset	Type	Description
0x00	Float[3]	Base scale.
0x0C	Float[3]	Base rotation.
0x18	Float[3]	Base translation.

FMAA

The FMAA section (caFe MAterial Animation) stores material parameter animations. Each animation has the following structure:

Offset	Type	Description
0x00	Char[4]	Section magic. Always FMAA in ASCII.
If version ≥ 9.0.0
0x04	UInt16	Flag: xxxx xxxx xxxx xAxB. A: Loop flag, 1 if animation loops. B: Baked flag, 1 if curve data is baked.
0x06	Byte[2]	Resereved.
0x08	Int64	Name offset. Points to the name of this animation.
0x10	Int64	Original path offset. Points to the filename this sub file was created from.
0x18	Int64	Bind FMDL offset, set at runtime. Points to the model affected by this animation.
0x20	Int64	Bind index array offset. Points to an array of UInt16s with unknown purpose.
0x28	Int64	Material animation array offset.
0x30	Int64	Texture pointer array offset. Points to an array of Int64s that are set at runtime. Used for texture pattern.
0x38	Int64	Texture name offset array offset. Points to an array of name offsets, which are the texture names. Used for texture pattern.
0x40	Int64	User data array offset.
0x48	Int64	User data dictionary offset.
0x50	Int64	Texture slot pointer array offset. Points to an array of Int64s, which are texture slots pointers set at runtime. The pointers are set to -1. Used for texture pattern.
0x58	Int32	Number of frames.
0x5C	UInt32	Baked size.
0x60	UInt16	Number of user datas.
0x62	UInt16	Number of material animations.
0x64	UInt16	Total number of curves in all material animations.
0x66	UInt16	Number of shader parameter animations.
0x68	UInt16	Number of texture pattern animations.
0x6A	UInt16	Number of material visibility animations.
0x6C	UInt16	Number of textures.
0x6E	Byte[2]	Padding.
Else
0x04	UInt32	Next section offset.
0x08	UInt32	Size of this section in bytes.
0x0C	Byte[4]	Reserved.
0x10	Int64	Name offset. Points to the name of this animation.
0x18	Int64	Original path offset. Points to the filename this sub file was created from.
0x20	Int64	Bind FMDL offset, set at runtime. Points to the model affected by this animation.
0x28	Int64	Bind index array offset. Points to an array of UInt16s with unknown purpose.
0x30	Int64	Material animation array offset.
0x38	Int64	Texture pointer array offset. Points to an array of Int64s that are set at runtime. Used for texture pattern.
0x40	Int64	Texture name offset array offset. Points to an array of name offsets, which are the texture names. Used for texture pattern.
0x48	Int64	User data array offset.
0x50	Int64	User data dictionary offset.
0x58	Int64	Texture slot pointer array offset. Points to an array of Int64s, which are texture slots pointers set at runtime. The pointers are set to -1. Used for texture pattern.
0x60	UInt16	Flag.
0x62	UInt16	Number of user datas.
0x64	UInt16	Number of material animations.
0x66	UInt16	Total number of curves in all material animations.
0x68	Int32	Number of frames.
0x6C	UInt32	Baked size.
0x70	UInt16	Number of shader parameter animations.
0x72	UInt16	Number of texture pattern animations.
0x74	UInt16	Number of material visibility animations.
0x76	UInt16	Number of textures.

Material Animation

The material animation structure specifies the actual animation and contains the curves. It can contain shader parameter, texture pattern and material visibility animation. Each entry has the following structure:

Offset	Type	Description
0x00	Int64	Animation name offset.
0x08	Int64	Shader parameter animation info array offset.
0x10	Int64	Texture pattern animation info array offset.
0x18	Int64	Curve array offset.
0x20	Int64	Constant array offset.
0x28	UInt16	Begin shader parameter curve index. Index of the first shader parameter curve.
0x2A	UInt16	Begin texture pattern curve index. Index of the first texture pattern curve.
0x2C	UInt16	Begin visibility curve index. Index of the first visibility curve.
0x2E	UInt16	Visibility curve index. Index of the visibility curve.
0x30	UInt16	Visibility constant index.
0x32	UInt16	Number of shader parameter animations.
0x34	UInt16	Number of texture pattern animations.
0x36	UInt16	Number of constants.
0x38	UInt16	Number of curves.
0x3A	Byte[6]	Padding.

Shader Parameter Animation Info

Each entry has the following structure:

Offset	Type	Description
0x00	Int64	Parameter name offset.
0x08	UInt16	Begin curve.
0x0A	UInt16	Number of float curves.
0x0C	UInt16	Number of integer curves.
0x0E	UInt16	Begin constant index. Index of the first constant.
0x10	UInt16	Number of constants.
0x12	UInt16	Sub bind index. Index of the shader parameter into the bonded FMAT.
0x14	Byte[4]	Padding.

Texture Pattern Animation Info

Each entry has the following structure:

Offset	Type	Description
0x00	Int64	Texture target name offset.
0x08	UInt16	Curve index.
0x0A	UInt16	Constant index.
0x0C	Byte	Sub bind index. Index of the texture sampler into the bonded FMAT.
0x0D	Byte[3]	Padding.

Animation Constant

A constant can be specified for a specific value instead of creating a curve with one key frame. Each entry has the following structure:

Offset	Type	Description
0x00	UInt32	Target offset.
0x04	Int32/Float	Constant value, can either be a float or an Int32.

FBVS

The FBVS section (caFe Bone ViSibility animation) stores bone visibility animations. Each animation has the following structure:

Offset	Type	Description
0x00	Char[4]	Section magic. Always FBVS in ASCII.
If version ≥ 9.0.0
0x04	UInt16	Flag: xxxx xxxx xxxx xAxB. A: Loop flag, 1 if animation loops. B: Baked flag, 1 if curve data is baked.
0x06	Byte[2]	Reserved.
0x08	Int64	Name offset. Points to the name of this animation.
0x10	Int64	Original path offset. Points to the filename this sub file was created from.
0x18	Int64	Bind FMDL offset, set at runtime. Points to the model affected by this animation.
0x20	Int64	Bind index array offset. Points to an array of UInt16s with unknown purpose.
0x28	Int64	Curve array offset.
0x30	Int64	Base value offset. Sets the base values for the different curves, where each curve specifies an animation for an bone. The booleans are ordered from LSB to MSB.
0x38	Int64	Bone name array offset. Points to an array of Int64s which points to bone names.
0x40	Int64	User data array offset.
0x48	Int64	User data dictionary offset.
0x50	Int32	Number of frames.
0x54	UInt32	Baked size.
0x58	UInt16	Number of bone animations.
0x5A	UInt16	Number of curves.
0x5C	UInt16	Number of user datas.
0x5E	Byte[2]	Padding.
Else
0x04	UInt32	Next section offset.
0x08	UInt32	Size of this section in bytes.
0x0C	Byte[4]	Reserved.
0x10	Int64	Name offset. Points to the name of this animation.
0x18	Int64	Original path offset. Points to the filename this sub file was created from.
0x20	Int64	Bind FMDL offset, set at runtime. Points to the model affected by this animation.
0x28	Int64	Bind index array offset. Points to an array of UInt16s with unknown purpose.
0x30	Int64	Curve array offset.
0x38	Int64	Base value offset. Sets the base values for the different curves, where each curve specifies an animation for an bone. The booleans are ordered from LSB to MSB.
0x40	Int64	Bone name array offset. Points to an array of Int64s which points to bone names.
0x48	Int64	User data array offset.
0x50	Int64	User data dictionary offset.
0x58	UInt16	Flag.
0x5A	UInt16	Number of user datas.
0x5C	Int32	Number of frames.
0x60	UInt16	Number of animations.
0x62	UInt16	Number of curves.
0x64	UInt32	Baked size.

FSHA

The FSHA section (caFe SHApe animation) stores shape animations. Each animation has the following structure:

Offset	Type	Description
0x00	Char[4]	Section magic. Always FSHA in ASCII.
If version ≥ 9.0.0
0x04	UInt16	Flag: xxxx xxxx xxxx xAxB. A: Loop flag, 1 if animation loops. B: Baked flag, 1 if curve data is baked.
0x06	Byte[2]	Reserved.
0x08	Int64	Name offset. Points to the name of this animation.
0x10	Int64	Original path offset. Points to the filename this sub file was created from.
0x18	Int64	Bind FMDL offset, set at runtime. Points to the model affected by this animation.
0x20	Int64	Bind index array offset. Points to an array of UInt16s with unknown purpose.
0x28	Int64	Vertex shape animation array offset.
0x30	Int64	User data array offset.
0x38	Int64	User data dictionary offset.
0x40	Int32	Number of frames.
0x44	UInt32	Baked size.
0x48	UInt16	Number of user datas.
0x4A	UInt16	Number of vertex shape animations.
0x4C	UInt16	Total number of key shape animation infos.
0x4E	UInt16	Total number of curves.
Else
0x04	UInt32	Next section offset.
0x08	UInt32	Size of this section in bytes.
0x0C	Byte[4]	Reserved.
0x10	Int64	Name offset. Points to the name of this animation.
0x18	Int64	Original path offset. Points to the filename this sub file was created from.
0x20	Int64	Bind FMDL offset, set at runtime. Points to the model affected by this animation.
0x28	Int64	Bind index array offset. Points to an array of UInt16s with unknown purpose.
0x30	Int64	Vertex shape animation array offset.
0x38	Int64	User data array offset.
0x40	Int64	User data dictionary offset.
0x48	UInt16	Flag.
0x4A	UInt16	Number of user datas.
0x4C	UInt16	Number of vertex shape animations.
0x4E	UInt16	Total number of key shape animation infos.
0x50	Int32	Number of frames.
0x54	UInt32	Baked size.
0x58	UInt16	Total number of curves.
0x5A	Byte[6]	Padding.

Vertex Shape Animation

The vertex shape animation structure specifies the actual shape animation. Each entry has the following structure:

Offset	Type	Description
0x00	Int64	Name offset.
0x08	Int64	Curve array offset.
0x10	Int64	Base values offset. Points to an array of floats, with a lengt of number key shape animation infos - 1.
0x18	Int64	Key shape animation info array offset.
0x20	UInt16	Number of curves.
0x22	UInt16	Number of key shape animation infos.
0x24	Int32	Begin curve.
0x28	Int32	Begin key shape animation info.
0x2C	Byte[4]	Padding.

Key Shape Animation Info

Each entry has the following structure:

Offset	Type	Description
0x00	Int64	Name offset.
0x08	Byte	Curve index.
0x09	Byte	Sub bind index. Unknown meaning.
0x0A	Byte[6]	Padding.

FSCN

The FSCN section (caFe SCeNe) stores scene animations. Each scene animation can contain three different types of animations, camera, fog and light. Each animation has the following structure:

Offset	Type	Description
0x00	Char[4]	Section magic. Always FSCN in ASCII.
If version ≥ 9.0.0
0x04	Byte[4]	Reserved.
0x08	Int64	Name offset. Points to the name of this animation.
0x10	Int64	Original path offset. Points to the filename this sub file was created from.
0x18	Int64	FCAM camera animation array offset.
0x20	Int64	FCAM camera animation dictionary offset.
0x28	Int64	FLIT light animation array offset.
0x30	Int64	FLIT light animation dictionary offset.
0x38	Int64	FFOG fog animation array offset.
0x40	Int64	FFOG fog animation dictionary offset.
0x48	Int64	User data array offset.
0x50	Int64	User data dictionary offset.
0x58	UInt16	Number of user datas.
0x5A	UInt16	Number of FCAMs.
0x5C	UInt16	Number of FLITs.
0x5E	UInt16	Number of FFOGs.
Else
0x04	UInt32	Next section offset.
0x08	UInt32	Size of this section in bytes.
0x0C	Byte[4]	Reserved.
0x10	Int64	Name offset. Points to the name of this animation.
0x18	Int64	Original path offset. Points to the filename this sub file was created from.
0x20	Int64	FCAM camera animation array offset.
0x28	Int64	FCAM camera animation dictionary offset.
0x30	Int64	FLIT light animation array offset.
0x38	Int64	FLIT light animation dictionary offset.
0x40	Int64	FFOG fog animation array offset.
0x48	Int64	FFOG fog animation dictionary offset.
0x50	Int64	User data array offset.
0x58	Int64	User data dictionary offset.
0x60	UInt16	Number of user datas.
0x62	UInt16	Number of FCAMs.
0x64	UInt16	Number of FLITs.
0x66	UInt16	Number of FFOGs.

FCAM

The FCAM section (caFe CAMera) stores camera animation. Each entry has the following structure:

Offset	Type	Description
0x00	Char[4]	Section magic. Always FCAM in ASCII.
If version ≥ 9.0.0
0x04	UInt16	Flag: xxxx xxxx xAxB xCxD. A: Projection mode. ID Description 0x00 Orthographical 0x01 Perspective B: Rotation mode. ID Description 0x00 Aim 0x01 EulerZXY C: Loop flag, 1 if animation loops. D: Baked flag, 1 if curve data is baked.
0x06	Byte[2]	Reserved.
0x08	Int64	Name offset. Points to the name of this animation.
0x10	Int64	Curve array offset.
0x18	Int64	Base value offset.
0x20	Int64	User data array offset.
0x28	Int64	User data dictionary offset.
0x30	Int32	Number of frames.
0x34	UInt32	Baked size.
0x38	UInt16	Number of user datas.
0x3A	Byte	Number of curves.
0x3B	Byte[5]	Padding.
Else
0x04	UInt32	Next section offset.
0x08	UInt32	Size of this section in bytes.
0x0C	Byte[4]	Reserved.
0x10	Int64	Name offset. Points to the name of this animation.
0x18	Int64	Curve array offset.
0x20	Int64	Base value offset.
0x28	Int64	User data array offset.
0x30	Int64	User data dictionary offset.
0x38	UInt16	Flag.
0x3A	Byte[2]	Padding.
0x3C	Int32	Number of frames.
0x40	Byte	Number of curves.
0x41	Byte	Padding.
0x42	UInt16	Number of user datas.
0x44	UInt32	Baked size.

Camera Animation Base Value

The base values for a camera animation has the following structure:

Offset	Type	Description
0x00	Float	Base near Z.
0x04	Float	Base far Z.
0x08	Float	Base aspect.
0x0C	Float	Base height or fovy.
0x10	Float[3]	Base position.
0x1C	Float[3]	Base aim or rotation.
0x28	Float	Base twist.

FLIT

The FLIT section (caFe LIghT) stores light animation. Each entry has the following structure:

Offset	Type	Description
0x00	Char[4]	Section magic. Always FLIT in ASCII.
If version ≥ 9.0.0
0x04	UInt16	Flag: ABCD EFGH xxxx xIxJ. A: Specifies if base color 1 is used. B: Specifies if base color 0 is used. C: Specifies if the base angle attenuation is used. D: Specifies if the base distance attenuation is used. E: Specifies if base direction is used. F: Specifies if the base position is used. G: Specifies if the base enabled is used. H: Specifies if the curves are enabled. I: Loop flag, 1 if animation loops. J: Baked flag, 1 if curve data is baked.
0x06	Byte[2]	Reserved.
0x08	Int64	Name offset. Points to the name of this animation.
0x10	Int64	Curve array offset.
0x18	Int64	Base value offset.
0x20	Int64	User data array offset.
0x28	Int64	User data dictionary offset.
0x30	Int64	Light type name offset.
0x38	Int64	Distance attenuation function name offset.
0x40	Int64	Angle attenuation function name offset.
0x48	Int32	Number of frames.
0x4C	UInt32	Baked size.
0x50	UInt16	Number of user datas.
0x52	Byte	Number of curves.
0x53	SByte	Light type index.
0x54	SByte	Distance attenuation function index.
0x55	SByte	Angle attenuation function index.
0x56	Byte[2]	Padding.
Else
0x04	UInt32	Next section offset.
0x08	UInt32	Size of this section in bytes.
0x0C	Byte[4]	Reserved.
0x10	Int64	Name offset. Points to the name of this animation.
0x18	Int64	Curve array offset.
0x20	Int64	Base value offset.
0x28	Int64	User data array offset.
0x30	Int64	User data dictionary offset.
0x38	Int64	Light type name offset.
0x40	Int64	Distance attenuation function name offset.
0x48	Int64	Angle attenuation function name offset.
0x50	UInt16	Flag: ABCD EFGH xxxx xIxJ. A: Specifies if base color 1 is used. B: Specifies if base color 0 is used. C: Specifies if the base angle attenuation is used. D: Specifies if the base distance attenuation is used. E: Specifies if base direction is used. F: Specifies if the base position is used. G: Specifies if the base enabled is used. H: Specifies if the curves are enabled. I: Loop flag, 1 if animation loops. J: Baked flag, 1 if curve data is baked.
0x52	UInt16	Number of user datas.
0x54	Int32	Number of frames.
0x58	Byte	Number of curves.
0x59	SByte	Light type index.
0x5A	SByte	Distance attenuation function index.
0x5B	SByte	Angle attenuation function index.
0x5C	UInt32	Baked size.

Light Animation Base Value

All values may not necessary be stored. The base values for a light animation has the following structure:

Offset	Type	Description
0x00	Int32	Base enabled.
0x04	Float[3]	Base position.
0x10	Float[3]	Base aim or direction.
0x1C	Float[2]	Base distance attenuation.
0x24	Float[2]	Base angle attenuation.
0x2C	Float[3]	Base color 0.
0x38	Float[3]	Base color 1.

FFOG

The FFOG section (caFe FOG) stores fog animation. Each entry has the following structure:

Offset	Type	Description
0x00	Char[4]	Section magic. Always FFOG in ASCII.
If version ≥ 9.0.0
0x04	UInt16	Flag: xxxx xxxx xxxx xAxB. A: Loop flag, 1 if animation loops. B: Baked flag, 1 if curve data is baked.
0x06	Byte[2]	Reserved.
0x08	Int64	Name offset. Points to the name of this animation.
0x10	Int64	Curve array offset.
0x18	Int64	Base value offset.
0x20	Int64	User data array offset.
0x28	Int64	User data dictionary offset.
0x30	Int64	Distance attenuation function name offset.
0x38	Int32	Number of frames.
0x3C	UInt32	Baked size.
0x40	UInt16	Number of user datas.
0x42	Byte	Number of curves.
0x43	SByte	Distance attenuation function index.
0x44	Byte[4]	Padding.
Else
0x04	UInt32	Next section offset.
0x08	UInt32	Size of this section in bytes.
0x0C	Byte[4]	Reserved.
0x10	Int64	Name offset. Points to the name of this animation.
0x18	Int64	Curve array offset.
0x20	Int64	Base value offset.
0x28	Int64	User data array offset.
0x30	Int64	User data dictionary offset.
0x38	Int64	Distance attenuation function name offset.
0x40	UInt16	Flag.
0x42	Byte[2]	Padding.
0x44	Int32	Number of frames.
0x48	Byte	Number of curves.
0x49	SByte	Distance attenuation function index.
0x4A	UInt16	Number of user datas.
0x4C	UInt32	Baked size.

Fog Animation Base Value

The base values for a fog animation has the following structure:

Offset	Type	Description
0x00	Float[2]	Base distance attenuation.
0x08	Float[3]	Base color.

Embedded File

An embedded file can be any file, but usually it is a BNTX texture file or a BFSHA shader file. Each entry has the following structure:

Offset	Type	Description
0x00	Int64	Data offset. Points to the data.
0x08	UInt32	Data size in bytes.
0x0C	Byte[4]	Padding.

Version List

Version	Found in
5.0.2	Mario Kart 8 Deluxe (S00018080-R00018076-A00000000 Prototype)
5.0.3	1-2-Switch ARMS Mario Kart 8 Deluxe Mario Kart 8 Deluxe (S00018080-R00018076-A00000000 Prototype) Nintendo Switch System BIOS (1.0.0 – 2.3.0) The Legend of Zelda: Breath of the Wild (Nintendo Switch)
8.0.0	Captain Toad: Treasure Tracker (Nintendo Switch) Nintendo Switch System BIOS (3.0.0 – 3.0.2) Splatoon 2 Super Mario Odyssey
8.1.1	Captain Toad: Treasure Tracker (Nintendo Switch) Game Builder Garage Mario Party Superstars Mario Tennis Aces New Super Mario Bros. U Deluxe Nintendo Labo - Toy-Con 01: Variety Kit Nintendo Labo - Toy-Con 02: Robot Kit Nintendo Labo - Toy-Con 03: Vehicle Kit Nintendo Labo - Toy-Con 04: VR Kit Nintendo Switch System BIOS (4.0.1 – 5.1.0) Pokémon: Let's Go, Eevee! Pokémon: Let's Go, Pikachu! Pikmin 3 Deluxe Super Mario Party Super Smash Bros. Ultimate Sushi Striker: The Way of Sushido (Nintendo Switch)
8.1.3	Nintendo Switch System BIOS (6.0.0 – 6.2.0)
8.2.1	Tetris 99
9.0.0	Big Brain Academy: Brain vs. Brain Clubhouse Games: 51 Worldwide Classics Dr Kawashima's Brain Training for Nintendo Switch Everybody 1-2-Switch! F-ZERO 99 Kirby and the Forgotten Land Kirby Fighters 2 Mario Golf: Super Rush Momotaro Dentetsu: Showa, Heisei, Reiwa mo Teiban! Nintendo Switch System BIOS (7.0.0 – 8.1.0) Paper Mario: The Origami King Pokémon Legends: Arceus Pokémon Shield Pokémon Sword Ring Fit Adventure Super Mario 3D World + Bowser's Fury Super Kirby Clash Super Mario Maker 2 The Legend Of Zelda: Link's Awakening Tokyo Mirage Sessions ♯FE Encore WarioWare: Get It Together!
9.1.0	F-ZERO 99 Kirby's Dream Buffet Nintendo World Championships: NES Edition Paper Mario: The Thousand-Year Door (Nintendo Switch) Pokémon Scarlet Pokémon Violet Super Mario Party Jamboree The Legend of Zelda: Echoes of Wisdom WarioWare: Move It!
9.1.1	Nintendo Switch Sports
10.0.0	Splatoon 3 Super Mario Bros. Wonder The Legend of Zelda: Tears of the Kingdom
10.2.0	Nintendo Switch Online Playtest Program

BNTX Version

Most BFRES files contain a BNTX file named textures.bntx. This table shows the relation between BNTX and BFRES versions.

BFRES version	BNTX version
5.0.2 – 9.0.0	4.0.0
9.0.0 – 10.2.0	4.1.0

Tools

The following tools can handle BFRES files:

• (none)